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在一个物理模型上,同时完成应力测验和破坏试验,以及在同一模型上,作强度储备安全系数试验,是实验力学工作者,长期试图解决的一项技术难题。问题的难点是:高容重、低弹模的地质力学模型材料,不能定量地测出应力,而应力模型材料,又不能满足破坏阶段的本构关系,而且,要在物理模型上同时满足外荷载和坝身、基岩自重同步增加,也存在困难。论文作者,在满足物理模型相似条件的基础上,提出了用离心机作为加载工具的办法,解决了上述的困难问题,成功地在同一模型上实现了应力和破坏试验,并获得了强度储备安全系数,从而,提高了模型试验精度,缩短了提供成果周期,节省了试验经费和人力、物力。在“讨论”一节中,作者对一些通常认为有疑虑的问题,作了论证和说明。
On a physical model, the simultaneous completion of stress tests and destruction tests, as well as the strength factor safety factor test on the same model, is a technical problem that experimental mechanics have long sought to solve. The difficulty of the problem is that high-concentration-weight, low-elastic geomechanical model materials cannot measure the stress quantitatively, and the stress model material cannot meet the constitutive relationship at the destructive stage, and the external load must be satisfied on the physical model at the same time. With the increase in the weight of the dam body and bedrock, there are also difficulties. The author of the thesis, on the basis of satisfying the similar conditions of the physical model, puts forward the method of using the centrifuge as the loading tool, solves the above-mentioned difficulties, successfully achieves the stress and failure test on the same model, and obtains the strength reserve safety. The coefficient, thus, improves the accuracy of the model test, shortens the cycle of providing results, and saves the experimental expenses and manpower and material resources. In the “Discussions” section, the author makes arguments and clarifications on issues that are usually considered doubtful.