经济伦理所规定的是个人及国家的经济行为以及两者之间关系的目标与准则。这些目标与准则凌驾于经济行为的形式与实质性的目的之上,前者并非是从后者中推导出来的。 (1.1)尽管经济科学能够描述经济因素的关联,并在某些假定的前提下推荐可选择的决策,但由于这些抉择之可能的后果并非都是明朗可见,并且科学的资讯本身还不足以确证所选决策的正确性,因而有必要另设一套用于作出判断的价值标准。无论是作为整体经济过程的设计与规划的学说(国民经济学说/国民经济学),还是作为企业家们的个别经济行为的学说(企业经济学),经济学都不是价值中立的。(1.2)应用经济学的首要任务就在于为了某种个体或社会目标(如需要之满足、生活之保障等等)的实现来筹集和使用有限的资源。经济主体应在避免不必要的损失的情况下利用资源、资金和其他有限的财源。(1.3)经济学的形式的原则就是运用合理手段最合乎目的地利用现有的一切可能。这里实体性的目标在于普遍的经济与技术的进步,以及通过所有资源的开发而实现的生产的提高。而这些目标的道德目的就在于人口的最优化的发展以及最大程度地实现个体的自我展现与自我决断。尽管服务于这些目标之实现的经济条件只能创造物质上的前提,然而经济体系的特点仍取决于对下述问题的 Economic ethics provide for the personal and state economic behavior and the relationship between the two goals and guidelines. These goals and norms overriding the formal and substantive goals of economic behavior, the former is not derived from the latter. (1.1) Although economic science can describe the links between economic factors and recommend alternative decisions under certain assumptions, the possible consequences of these choices are not always obvious and the scientific information alone is not sufficient The correctness of the decision chosen makes it necessary to establish another set of value criteria for making judgments. Economics is not value-neutral either as a doctrine of design and planning of the overall economic process (national economics / national economics) or as a doctrine of individual economic behavior of entrepreneurs (business economics). (1.2) The first task of applied economics is to raise and use limited resources for the achievement of some individual or social goal (such as the satisfaction of needs, the protection of life, etc.). Economic agents should use resources, funds and other limited sources of finance to avoid unnecessary losses. (1.3) The principle of the form of economics is to use reasonable means to make the best use of whatever is available. The substantive goal here is the general economic and technological advancement and the increase in production achieved through the development of all resources. The moral purpose of these goals lies in the development of population optimization and to maximize the individual self-expression and self-determination. Although the economic conditions that serve the fulfillment of these goals can only create material premises, the characteristics of the economy still depend on the