深圳经济特区是中国改革开放的产物,也是地方分权的结果。改革开放和地方分权既构成了深圳经济特区成立的基本背景,也是其获得巨大成功的前提条件。深圳特区由于“行政跨级赋权”而拥有足够的自主权进行经济体制的改革与创新,并在此基础上形成了早期的“改革体制”。这一改革体制具有以经济建设为中心、以市场改革为路向、以行政改革为关键、以政治支持为保障、以“政治溢出”为效应等突出特征。在其身上,既汇聚了多重的利益关系,也由此形成了强大的支持系统。而由正式或非正式关系通道构成的支持系统,不仅是深圳“改革体制”得以建立的原因,而且也推动了深圳“改革体制”的发展。在未来,深圳需要实现对早期“改革体制”的超越。 Shenzhen Special Economic Zone is a product of China’s reform and opening up as well as a result of decentralization. Both reform and opening up and the decentralization of power constitute both the basic background for the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and the preconditions for its great success. Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has sufficient autonomy for the reform and innovation of the economic system due to the “administrative cross-layer empowerment” and has formed an early “reform system” on this basis. This reform system has the prominent features of taking economic construction as the center, market reform as the direction, administrative reform as the key issue, political support as the guarantee, and “political spillover” as the effect. In its body, it not only brings together multiple interests, but also forms a strong support system. The support system formed by formal or informal channels is not only the reason for the establishment of Shenzhen’s “reform system”, but also the development of Shenzhen’s “reform system.” In the future, Shenzhen needs to surpass its earlier “reform system.”