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(一)概况随着城市经济建设的发展,城市人口密度的增大和人民生活水平的提高,城市废料的排放量将日趋增多,城市废料处理业已成为世界上许多发达国家环境保护部门不容忽视的一个问题。城市废料大体上可归纳成下列几类:①旧建筑物以及城市道路拆毁,开挖新建筑基础而产生的建筑垃圾;③城市居民生活产生的家庭垃圾;③清理下水沟挖出的淤泥;④汽车及其修理工业更换的废旧轮胎等等。根据文献报导:美国每年排出的城市废料超出172×10~6吨。这些废料的种类、数量和未来的利用途径在表1中列出。
(I) Overview With the development of urban economic construction, the increase of urban population density and the improvement of people’s living standards, urban waste discharge will increase day by day. Urban waste treatment industry has become one of the most important environmental protection agencies in the world. problem. Urban waste can be roughly classified into the following categories: 1 The destruction of old buildings and urban roads, the construction waste generated by excavation of new building foundations; 3 The household waste generated by urban residents’ lives; 3 The removal of mud excavated from sewage ditch; 4 Automobiles and their replacement of used tires in the repair industry. According to the literature, the amount of municipal waste discharged every year in the United States exceeds 172×10-6 tons. The types, quantities, and future uses of these wastes are listed in Table 1.