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采用欧洲标准的SMT法(Standards,Measurements and Testing)研究了汕头南澳近岸养殖区及其邻近水域28个位点表层沉积物总氮、总磷及各组分磷的质量比分布特征,探讨了磷的释放能力及来源,并采用单因子标准指数法对沉积物中氮、磷的污染程度进行了评价。结果表明,研究海域沉积物总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的质量比平均值分别为(663.46±106.06)mg/kg和(467.72±113.00)mg/kg,其中鱼类养殖区TP质量比平均值高达(858.25±20.63)mg/kg,显著高于国内外许多河口海湾。各站点表层沉积物磷的形态以无机磷为主,占TP的比例为63 74%～88.52%。而无机磷的组成均以酸提取磷(HCl-P)为主,占总磷的57.46%～71.72%,碱提取磷(NaOH-P)次之,占总磷的4.04%～32.71%。NaOH-P主要包括Fe-P和Al-P,是两种重要的生物可利用性磷,可用于判断沉积物中磷的内源释放能力。污染评价结果表明,南澳近海沉积物TP质量比整体上较低,但是鱼类养殖区沉积物TP质量比超标;而TN的质量比普遍较高,标准指数均大于1,表明南澳近海沉积环境质量受氮污染相对严重。
In this study, the quality characteristics of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and phosphorus in the surface sediments of 28 sites in coastal aquaculture area and its adjacent waters of Shantou were studied using the European standard methods (Standards, Measurements and Testing) Phosphorus release capacity and source, and the use of single-factor standard index method of sediment nitrogen and phosphorus pollution were evaluated. The results showed that the average mass ratios of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in sediment of the study area were (663.46 ± 106.06) mg / kg and (467.72 ± 113.00) mg / kg, Which was higher than the average (858.25 ± 20.63) mg / kg, which was significantly higher than that of many estuaries at home and abroad. The forms of phosphorus in the surface sediments of each site are mainly inorganic phosphorus, accounting for 63 74% ~ 88.52% of TP. The composition of inorganic phosphorus was dominated by acid-extracted phosphorus (HCl-P), accounting for 57.46% -71.72% of total phosphorus, followed by NaOH-P, accounting for 4.04% -32.71% of total phosphorus. NaOH-P mainly includes Fe-P and Al-P, which are two important bioavailable phosphorus, which can be used to determine the endogenous release of phosphorus in sediments. The results of pollution evaluation showed that TP mass ratio of coastal sediments in South Australia was lower overall, but the mass ratio of TP in sediment of fish culture area exceeded the standard. The mass ratio of TN was generally higher than the standard index of 1, indicating that the sediment environmental quality Nitrogen pollution is relatively serious.