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席汉氏综合征(SS)是产后大出血导致脑垂体坏死引起的病变。通常是产后大出血引发低血压或休克造成的。产后大出血导致脑垂体严重缺血坏死的结果。垂体动脉痉挛、栓塞也是引发SS的原因。增大的脑垂体、缩小的蝶鞍、弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)和自身免疫机制异常是SS的发病机制。SS是不同程度脑垂体前叶机能障碍的特征。席汉氏综合征患者存在不同程度的脑垂体前叶激素缺乏。在发达国家由于先进的产科保健,垂体机能减退症的发病率已经大大的降低了,但是在落后和发展中国家的发病率仍然很高。SS因为病情进展缓慢而难以诊断。但是如果有产后大出血的病史、不能泌乳和停经均是SS重要的诊断线索。对SS的患者如能早期诊断并给予正确的治疗,就能大大降低其发病率和病死率。
Sheehan’s syndrome (SS) is caused by postpartum hemorrhage caused by pituitary necrosis. Postpartum hemorrhage is usually caused by hypotension or shock. Postpartum hemorrhage leading to severe ischemic necrosis of the pituitary gland results. Pituitary artery spasm, embolism is the cause of SS. Increased pituitary gland, reduced sella, diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC) and autoimmune disorders are the pathogenesis of SS. SS is varying degrees of pituitary dysfunction characteristics. Patients with Shear’s syndrome have varying degrees of anterior pituitary hormone deficiency. The incidence of pituitary hypothyroidism has been greatly reduced in developed countries due to advanced obstetric care, but the prevalence is still high in underdeveloped and developing countries. SS is difficult to diagnose because of its slow progression. However, if there is a history of postpartum hemorrhage, can not lactation and menopause are important diagnostic clues to the SS. Patients with SS who can be diagnosed early and given the right treatment, can greatly reduce the morbidity and mortality.