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目的：观察静脉注射三七总皂苷（PNS）对高脂血症兔受损血管内皮功能及主动脉内膜中膜厚度的治疗效果。方法将实验兔随机分为对照组、动脉粥样硬化（AS）组、PNS中及高剂量治疗组，各组喂饲不同饲料，PNS高、中治疗组分别采取兔耳静脉注射给药法PNS 100、50 mg·kg-1·d-1，于每月后两周14 d 治疗3个疗程。第12周末经耳缘静脉采血,测定血清中脂质、NO、NO合酶（NOS）、血浆内皮素（ET-1）、前列环素（6-keto-PGF1α）、血栓素（TXB2）含量及观察主动AS病理形态学的变化。结果 PNS高、中治疗组血清ET-1、TXB2显著减少；NO、6-keto-PGF1α及NOS活性明显高于AS组（P<0.01）。形态学检查光镜下显示：PNS可减轻高脂血症所致的血管壁结构的损害，其主动脉内膜中膜厚度较AS组低（P<0.01）；电镜下主动脉超微结构显示：AS组泡沫细胞内及中膜平滑肌细胞内收缩肌纤维间含有大量脂滴空泡，甚至形成脂囊；PNS中、高治疗组AS病变较AS组轻，血管内皮细胞内未见小脂滴空泡，各种细胞器存在，内弹力膜存在，中层平滑肌细胞质内偶见脂滴空泡。结论 PNS具有保护动脉内膜及调节内皮细胞血管活性物质分泌作用，并且这种改善作用与血管壁的形态学变化有关。“,”ObjectivePanax notoginsen saponins(PNS) is refined from Chinese traditional medicine Sanqi.Aim To investigate the curative effects of PNS by injecting on vascular endothelial function and aortic artery intima-media thickness of injured endothelium in New Zealand rabbits with hyperlipodemia. Methods The experimental model of atherosclerosis in rabbits was established by hyper-lipoidal feed with 1.5% cholesterol diet in this study.The rabbits were divided into normal control group,AS model group, medium dose PNS group(PNS 50 mg·kg-1·d-1) and high dose PNS group(PNS 100 mg·kg-1·d-1). Administration was for 12 consecutive weeks.Serum lipids,nitrous oxide(NO)、the activity of nitricoxide synthase(NOS)、plasma Endothelin (ET-1) thromboxaneB2(TXB2)、6-keto-prostaglandinF1a(6-keto-PGF1α)and morphological atherosclerosis changes were evaluated after the treatment of PNS by injecting. Results Compared to AS group ,the serum levels of ET-1、TXB2 were obviously reduced than that in AS model group(P<0.01),the serum level of NO、6-keto-PGF1α was higher(P<0.01),and the activity of NOS was higher(P<0.01) in high-medium-dose PNS group.PNS reduced the lesions of hyperlipidemia vessels,Aortic artery intima of film Thickness in high、medium dose PNS group was obviously lower than that in AS group (P<0.01) by Olympus BX5 microscope;and by electron microscope showed a lot of lipid-drop let、vacuoles in foam cells and tunica media contractile fiber intracytoplasm, even adipose capsule in AS model group;AS degree of high-medium-dose PNS group was lighter than that in AS model group,no lipid-drop let vacuoles in cytoplasm of the endothelial cells,and various cell organs and elastic membrane were seen,but few lipid drop let vacuoles in cytoplasm of medial smoothmuscle cellswere found.Conclusions The ingredients of PNS was found to protect arterial endotheliumfrom injury,and regulate the secration of endothelial cell,and this improvement appears to be related to morphologic changes.