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目的了解辽宁省盘锦市2005—2015年5岁以下儿童死亡状况,为降低5岁以下儿童死亡率制定可行的干预措施提供参考依据。方法收集盘锦市2005年10月—2015年9月5岁以下儿童死亡监测数据,应用SPSS 17.0软件分析该地区5岁以下儿童的死亡趋势、死亡特征、死前医疗保健服务情况及死因。结果盘锦市2005—2015年共监测活产数105 287例,其中5岁以下儿童死亡848例,死亡率为8.05‰;婴儿死亡672例,死亡率为6.38‰,占5岁以下儿童死亡数的79.25%;新生儿死亡501例,死亡率为4.76‰,占婴儿死亡数的74.55%;2005—2015年5岁以下儿童、婴儿和新生儿死亡率均呈下降趋势(均P<0.05);不同特征5岁以下儿童死亡率比较,男童死亡率(9.07‰)高于女童死亡率(6.97‰),城市儿童死亡率(7.19‰)低于农村儿童死亡率(8.89‰),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);盘锦市848例5岁以下死亡儿童中,死前在省市级医院救治552例(65.1%),在县区级医院救治88例(10.4%),在乡级医院救治15例(1.8%),未救治193例(22.7%);2005—2015年居于盘锦市5岁以下儿童的前5位主要死因依次为早产低出生体重、先天性心脏病、出生窒息、其他先天异常、肺炎,分别占5岁以下儿童死亡数的25.6%、18.4%、8.6%、8.0%、6.1%。结论盘锦市2005—2015年5岁以下儿童死亡率呈下降趋势,早产低出生体重、先天性心脏病、出生窒息、其他先天异常和肺炎是该地区5岁以下儿童的主要死因。
Objective To understand the death of children under 5 years of age from 2005 to 2015 in Panjin City, Liaoning Province, and to provide reference for the development of feasible interventions to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years old. Methods Data of deaths of children under 5 years of age collected from October 2005 to September 2015 in Panjin were collected. The trends of death, the characteristics of death, prenatal health care services and causes of death in children under 5 years old in this area were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. Results A total of 105 287 live births were monitored in Panjin during 2005-2015, of which 848 were children under 5 years of age with a mortality rate of 8.05 ‰. Infants died of 672 cases with a mortality rate of 6.38 ‰, accounting for the number of deaths among children under 5 years old 79.25% of all newborns; 501 newborns died, with a mortality rate of 4.76 ‰, accounting for 74.55% of the total number of infant deaths; and death rates of children, infants and newborns under 5 years old decreased from 2005 to 2015 (all P <0.05) Characteristics Mortality of children under 5 years of age was 9.07 ‰ higher than that of girls (6.97 ‰). The urban child mortality rate (7.19 ‰) was lower than that of rural children (8.89 ‰), with statistical differences (P <0.05). Among the 848 deaths of children under 5 years of age in Panjin City, 552 (65.1%) were treated in provincial and municipal hospitals and 88 (10.4%) were treated in county-level hospitals before they died, There were 15 cases (1.8%) hospitalized without treatment and 193 cases (22.7%) treated without hospitalization. The top five causes of death among children under 5 years of age in Panjin from 2005 to 2015 were in order of preterm low birth weight, congenital heart disease, birth asphyxia Other congenital anomalies and pneumonia accounted for 25.6%, 18.4%, 8.6%, 8.0% and 6.1% of the deaths of children under 5 years of age respectively. Conclusions The mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Panjin from 2005 to 2015 shows a decreasing trend. Premature birth with low birth weight, congenital heart disease, birth asphyxia, other congenital anomalies and pneumonia are the leading causes of death in children under 5 years of age in this area.