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PTEN是第一个被发现的具有磷酸酶活性的抑癌基因,它能特异性地使3,4,5-三磷酸磷脂酰肌醇(PIP3)去磷酸化,拮抗三磷酸肌醇激酶(PI3K/AKT)信号转导系统,使细胞周期阻滞于G1期。也可通过灶性粘连激酶(FAK)途径和致细胞分裂素激活的蛋白激酶(MAPK)途径来调节细胞周期进展和细胞凋亡等,从而抑制多种肿瘤的发生和发展。在白血病细胞系中,PTEN基因通过直接或间接失活机制出现表达异常,其机制需进一步研究。
PTEN is the first tumor suppressor gene with phosphatase activity that specifically dephosphorylates 3,4,5-triphosphatidylinositol (PIP3) and antagonizes inositol triphosphate kinase (PI3K / AKT) signal transduction system, the cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. It can also inhibit the occurrence and development of various tumors through the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway to regulate cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In leukemia cell lines, the expression of PTEN gene is abnormal through direct or indirect inactivation mechanism, and its mechanism needs further study.