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目的通过观察胰段的应用解剖和大鼠增龄中胰腺各段胰岛B细胞的胰岛素阳性染色面积、胰尾B细胞的超微结构等组织学的变化,为胰段移植提供参考。方法观测成人尸体各胰段的毗邻关系和血供；取不同月龄组SD大鼠的胰头、体、尾做组织切片,用免疫组织化学和图像定量分析方法,观察各段胰岛B细胞的胰岛素阳性染色面积。另取胰尾组织作透射电镜观察。结果胰头毗邻关系及血供极其复杂,而胰体、胰尾的主要供血血管为胰背、胰大动脉；胰腺各段胰岛数目和胰岛B细胞的分布以胰尾密度最高(15．29±0．822；121．65±22．65)；增龄中胰岛B细胞的分泌颗粒和胰岛素阳性面积随鼠龄增大而减少；幼年组胰尾B细胞高尔基复合体发达,胞质内分泌颗粒数量最多。结论胰体、尾可做为胰段移植的首选部位；胰岛B细胞的分泌功能以幼年最佳,供体年龄以幼、青年为佳。
Objective To observe the application anatomy of pancreas and histological changes of pancreatic B cell ultrastructure such as insulin-positive staining area of pancreatic B cells in rats during aging, and to provide reference for pancreatic segment transplantation. Methods The adjacent tissues and blood supply of adult pancreatic segments were observed. The head, tail and tail of SD rats in different months were made histological sections. Immunohistochemistry and image quantitative analysis were used to observe the changes of islet B cells Insulin-positive staining area. Another pancreatic tail tissue for transmission electron microscopy. Results The relationship between adjacent head of pancreas and blood supply was extremely complicated. The main blood supplying vessels of pancreas and tail of pancreas were pancreatic dorsal and pancreatic aorta. The number of pancreatic islets and the distribution of islet B cells were the highest (15.29 ± 0 .822; 121.65 ± 22.65). Secreted granules and insulin-positive area of islet B cells in aging rats decreased with the increase of the age of the mice. In the juvenile group, the B-cell Golgi complex was developed and the number of cytoplasmic endocrine granules was the most . Conclusion The body of pancreas and tail can be used as the preferred site of pancreatic segmental transplantation. The secretion function of islet B cells is best in juvenile and donor age is young and young.