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针对内蒙古河套灌区水资源短缺现状,为探究限量灌溉条件下间作春小麦的干物质转移与灌浆特征,掌握制约春小麦籽粒灌浆的因素,进而提高间作模式下春小麦的水分生产率,研究了限量灌溉(298、328、358和388 mm 4个水平)对间作模式(小麦/玉米间作、小麦/向日葵间作)下春小麦籽粒灌浆特征的影响。结果表明:间作向日葵模式下的小麦茎、叶干物质转移量是相同灌水处理下间作玉米模式下的小麦茎、叶干物质转移量的1.08~1.86倍与1.12~2.17倍,而颖轴干物质转移量则间作玉米模式是间作向日葵模式的1.00~1.19倍,且不同水分处理与种植模式下的小麦籽粒灌浆过程符合“S”型生长曲线,可用Logistic方程模拟;间作玉米模式下的小麦灌浆速率的峰值出现在花后25~30 d,较对照提前1.26~2.85 d,间作向日葵模式下的小麦灌浆速率的峰值出现在花后25~30 d,较对照提前1.80~2.44 d,各处理最大灌浆速率与平均灌浆速率均较对照提高,且减少了达到最大灌浆速率所需时间;小麦的活跃灌浆期则表现为灌水总量较少的处理(298~328 mm)有利于延长间作玉米模式下小麦的活跃灌浆期,而较高灌水量的处理(358~388 mm)则会延长间作向日葵种植模式下小麦的活跃灌浆期。
In order to investigate the dry matter transfer and grain filling characteristics of intercropping spring wheat under limited irrigated conditions and grasp the factors that restrict the grain filling of spring wheat, and then increase the water productivity of spring wheat under intercropping, the effects of limited irrigation (298, 328, 588 and 388 mm) on grain filling characteristics of spring wheat under intercropping (intercropping wheat / maize and wheat / sunflower intercropping). The results showed that the stem and leaf dry matter translocation of wheat under intercropping sunflower pattern was 1.08-1.86 times and 1.12-2.17 times higher than the dry matter translocation of wheat stem and leaf under intercropping under the same irrigation treatment, The amount of translocation was between 1.00 and 1.19 times of the intercropped sunflower model, and the grain filling process of wheat under different water treatments and planting patterns was in line with the “S” growth curve, which could be simulated by Logistic equation. The intercropping wheat The peak of grain filling rate occurred 25-30 d after anthesis, which was 1.26-2.85 d earlier than that of the control. The peak of filling rate of wheat under intercrop sunflower appeared 25-30 d after anthesis, 1.80-2.44 d earlier than the control, The maximum filling rate and the average filling rate increased compared with the control, and the time required to reach the maximum filling rate was reduced. In the active filling stage of wheat, the treatment with a smaller total irrigation amount (298 ~ 328 mm) Under the active filling stage of wheat, the treatment with high irrigation amount (358-388 mm) prolonged the active filling stage of wheat under intercropping sunflower planting mode.