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2012—2013年,对黄土高原12个主产县区108个典型富士果园养分状况调查分析。结果表明:果园土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别为11.9、0.63、1.12和13.7 g·kg~(-1),有效氮、有效磷、有效钾、有效钙、有效镁、有效锌和有效铁含量分别为77.7、26.9、259.7、4 681、121.3、1.24和7.89mg·kg~(-1)。制定了黄土高原成龄富士苹果园土壤养分含量标准值。土壤养分状况特征为:有机质偏低,全氮、全磷和全钾等全素养分相对适宜,但有效养分偏低;全素养分含量变异较小,有效养分含量变异较大;大量元素变异较小,微量元素变异较大;地域和深度分布不均衡问题较为突出。不同产区间,延安和洛川土壤养分水平较低,分别有9个和5个养分因子处于低值和缺乏水平;而河南陕县养分水平较佳,各养分因子均处于适宜值以上水平。今后果园土壤管理的重点是,因地制宜着力提高土壤有机质和有效养分的含量,并注意适度深施肥,提高20~60 cm土层的有效养分含量。
Investigation and Analysis of Nutrient Status in 108 Typical Fuji Orchards in 12 Major Producing Areas of Loess Plateau from 2012 to. The results showed that the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in the orchard soil were 11.9,0.63,1.12 and 13.7 g · kg -1, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available calcium and available magnesium, respectively The zinc and available iron contents were 77.7, 26.9, 259.7, 4681, 121.3, 1.24 and 7.89 mg · kg -1, respectively. Developed the Loess Plateau Fuji apple orchard soil nutrient content standard value. Soil nutrient status was characterized by low organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium and other holotrophic factors are relatively suitable, but the effective nutrients are low; the variation of the total nutrient content is small, the effective nutrient content variation is large; Small, trace element variation; regional and depth distribution of the imbalance problem is more prominent. In different producing areas, the soil nutrient levels of Yan’an and Luochuan were lower, with 9 and 5 nutrient factors at low and deficient levels, respectively. However, the nutrient levels of Shannxi at Henan were better and the nutrients were above the appropriate level. In the future, the key point of orchard soil management is to increase the content of soil organic matter and effective nutrients according to local conditions, and pay attention to fertilization moderately and increase the effective nutrient content in 20 ~ 60 cm soil layer.