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当资本主义发展到19世纪末时,生产力发展的水平已经达到了之前所有社会阶段生产力发展无法比拟的水平。这种高水平生产力对文化的发展所起的作用同样也是之前所有社会阶段无法比拟的,艺术品被大规模的复制;大众第一次与所谓的上层阶级站在同一水平线上看待艺术品;艺术失去了古典时期作为其生长土壤的经验,失去了艺术“本真”的诸多特征。艺术发展第一次由于生产力的发展呈现出危机,本雅明把这叫做“紧急状态”。
When capitalism was developed to the end of the 19th century, the level of development of productive forces had reached an unmatched level of productivity growth in all previous social phases. The role of this high level of productivity in the development of culture is also unmatched by all previous social stages. The work of art is replicated on a large scale. For the first time, the public views works of art on the same level as the so-called upper classes. Art Lost the classical period as its growing soil experience, lost many of the characteristics of art “true ”. For the first time since the development of the economy showed a crisis in the development of productive forces, Benjamin called this a “state of emergency.”