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任何测量都有误差存在,如何根据带有误差的测量结果,求出最近于被测量真值的最佳值,这是误差理论研究的主要问题。什么是误差对一个量测量以后,测量结果与该量真实大小的差异就叫误差。即误差=(测量值)-(真实值) 如测量三角形的三个角,三个角之和的真实值应180°,若测得为180°00′03″,则测量误差为180°00′03″-180°=3″。又如某温度用工业表测得为100℃,若计量部门用标准表测得该温度为100.2℃,因计量部门测量是很精确的,可认为100.2℃是足够接近于真实值,于是工业表测温误差为100-100.2=-0.2℃。
Any measurement error exists, how to find the most recent true value of the measured value based on the measurement results with errors, which is the main problem of the error theory research. What is the error of a measurement, the difference between the measurement and the actual size is called error. That is, the error = (measured value) - (real value) If the three corners of the triangle are measured, the true value of the sum of the three corners should be 180 °, and if the measured value is 180 ° 00’03 “, the measurement error is 180 ° 00 ’03 ”-180 ° = 3" Another example of a temperature measured with an industrial meter was 100 ℃, if the measurement department with a standard table measured the temperature was 100.2 ℃, because the measurement department is very accurate measurement can be considered 100.2 ℃ Is close enough to the real value, so the industrial table temperature error of 100-100.2 = -0.2 ℃.