现代认知心理学认为 :学生有两级发展水平 ,第一级是“现有发展水平” ,即学生现有的学习特点和已达到的发展速度 ,是教学的出发点 ;第二级是“潜在发展水平” ,即在教师启发诱导下学生经努力能够达到的发展水平 ,也就是所谓的“最近发展区”。“最近发展区”理论最早由前苏联 Modern cognitive psychology that: students have two levels of development, the first level is the “existing level of development”, that is, students’ learning characteristics and has reached the pace of development is the starting point for teaching; the second level is “potential Level of development ”, that is, the level of development that students can exert their efforts to achieve under the guidance of teachers. That is, the so-called“ recent development zone. ” The “recent development zone” theory was first introduced by the former Soviet Union