厄尔尼诺指的是热带中东太平洋海表温度(SST)持续异常偏高的著名气候现象,其名称起源于西班牙语,意为“圣婴或小男孩”.反之,SST异常偏低的现象叫做拉尼娜,意为“小女孩”.大范围SST的异常变化通常会伴随着热带太平洋地区大气质量的东西向振荡,形成南方涛动现象.鉴于厄尔尼诺和南方涛动是同一现象在海洋和大气中的不同展现形式,习惯上将二者合称为ENSO,它是海气耦合系统中时间尺 El Niño refers to the notorious climate phenomenon of persistently abnormally high SST over the tropical Middle East and Pacific, with its name originating in Spanish, meaning “infant or baby boy.” Conversely, the abnormally low SST is called La Nina means “Little Girl.” Abnormal changes in the large-scale SST usually accompany the east-west oscillations of the atmospheric quality in the tropical Pacific region to form the Southern Oscillation phenomenon, given that El Niño and Southern Oscillation are the same phenomenon in the oceans and the atmosphere In the different forms of expression, the two will be collectively referred to as ENSO, it is the sea-air coupling system time scale