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目的通过对空军青少年航空学校学员医学选拔体格发育指标进行入校一年的前瞻性观察,了解学员的体格发育特点,为修订医学选拔相应标准和完善现行培养方案提供科学依据。方法以436名2015级青少年航空班学员为研究对象,对其入校选拔和入校后年度体检数据进行对比,运用配对设计资料的均数比较,分析学员入校后体格生长发育情况。结果经过青少年航校一年的培养,学员身高、体质量及体质指数(BMI)均发生显著变化(P<0.05)。入学选拔体质量在标准体质量85%~120%的学员比例由入校选拔时的84.40%增加到93.12%,增加部分94.74%来源于体质量偏轻学员;入校选拔标准体质量70%~79%的学员有57.14%达到招飞合格标准;入校选拔标准体质量80%~84%的学员,达到招飞合格标准的比例高达95.65%。而入学选拔体质量超过标准体质量20%~30%的学员仅有25%降到标准范围内。入学一年来,学员平均身高增长约2.0 cm。结论入学选拔体质量为标准体质量70%~85%的学员入校后一年体质量明显提升,空军青少年航空学校学员医学选拔体质量标准放宽到低于标准体质量30%以内符合青少年生长发育客观规律,身高增长速度还需进一步随访观察;目前在校学员应注意合理膳食,加强锻炼,监控体质量变化。
Objective To observe the characteristics of physical development of trainees one year after entering the university through the medical selection of physical development indicators of the students of Air Force Junior Aviation School, and provide scientific basis for revising the corresponding standards of medical selection and perfecting the current training programs. Methods A total of 436 students from 2015-class youth aviation classes were selected as research subjects. The data of their physical examination after enrollment and enrollment were compared. The mean of pairwise design data was compared to analyze the growth and development of students. Results After one year training, the height, body mass and body mass index (BMI) of the students were significantly changed (P <0.05). The proportion of students with standardized body weight of 85% ~ 120% in enrollment increased from 84.40% at the time of enrollment to 93.12%, 94.74% of the participants increased from those with low body mass, 70% ~ 79% 57.14% of the trainees reached the passing standards; the students who selected 80% -84% of the students with the standard body weight of 80% to 84% of the trainees reached 95.65% of the passing standards. However, only 25% of students who choose to enroll more than 20% ~ 30% of their standard body mass fall into the standard range. In the past year, the average height of students increased by about 2.0 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Students who choose 70 to 85% of their standard body mass for enrollment have a significant improvement in body mass one year after admission to school. The air quality standards of the students of the Air Force Junior Aeronautic School have been relaxed to less than 30% of the standard body mass, which is in line with the objective of adolescent growth and development Regular growth rate of height needs further follow-up observation; at present students should pay attention to a reasonable diet, exercise, monitoring the body mass changes.