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地质科学的研究任务基本上有两大内容:一是追溯地质现象的发展历史,一是推论地表以下的地质情况。两者都是要寻求和阐明地质体(岩石、矿物、矿石、古生物、地下水等)在时间和空间上的质和量的变化。而所有地质现象演变的基本原因是物质的能量的变化。地壳运动,岩浆和变质作用,风化和沉积现象,成矿作用等,无一不是由于能量变化所致。变化的结果就使物质的总能量达到与周围环境相适应的程度,即暂时的平衡状态。
Geological science research tasks basically have two main contents: First, trace the history of the development of geological phenomena, one is to infer the geological conditions below the surface. Both seek and clarify temporal and spatial qualitative and quantitative changes of geological bodies (rocks, minerals, ores, paleontology, groundwater, etc.). The basic reason for the evolution of all geological phenomena is the change of the energy of matter. Crustal movement, magmatism and metamorphism, weathering and sedimentation, mineralization, etc., are all due to changes in energy. As a result of the change, the total energy of the material is brought to the level compatible with the surrounding environment, that is, the temporary equilibrium state.