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乳腺癌患者的发病年龄、家族史、首次怀孕年龄以及基因突变与其发病率和死亡率密切相关。因此，有效的生物标志物检测对乳腺癌的早期诊断、治疗和预后评估尤为重要。微RNA（miRNA）参与了乳腺癌的发生、侵袭、耐药与转移，针对其功能抑制的措施将会对乳腺癌的治疗产生新的启发。文章从作用机制、评估预后和靶点探索等方面综述了miRNA与乳腺癌相关性的最新研究进展。“,”The age of onset, family history, age of first pregnancy and gene mutation of breast cancer are closely related to the morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the identification of effective biomarkers will be particularly important for the early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of breast cancer. microRNA (miRNA) is involved in the occurrence, invasion, drug resistance and metastasis of breast cancer, and measures to suppress its function will have new inspirations for the treatment of breast cancer. This article reviews the research progress of the correlation between miRNA and breast cancer from the aspects of action mechanism, prognosis evaluation and target exploration.