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[目的]全面了解济南铁路局劳动作业场所职业病危害因素分布情况,掌握有害接触职工的健康状况,为开展职业健康监护等提供科学依据。[方法]2010年1月至2011年6月,发放调查表,对济南铁路局管辖内27家铁路单位进行调查。[结果]调查的27家铁路企业有职业病危害作业固定点323个,职业病危害因素主要是粉尘、噪声、高温、电离辐射和有毒物质。调查的30项职业安全卫生管理制度中,25项建有率超过50%。调查的接触职业病危害的6 984名职工中,高血压患病率为20.19%,高血脂罹患率为29.84%,高血糖患病率为6.27%,脂肪肝患病率为32.57%,肝囊肿患病率为6.29%,肝血管瘤患病率为1.78%,肾结石患病率为2.10%,肾囊肿患病率为4.45%,血红蛋白降低率为1.33%,白细胞减少率为0.37%,血小板减少率为0.43%。[结论]铁路单位存在多种职业病危害因素,职业病危害作业监测管理规定措施建有率较低;接触职业病危害的职工的脂肪肝和高血脂患病率较高。
[Objective] To understand the distribution of occupational hazards in workplaces of Jinan Railway Bureau in an all-round way, to grasp the health status of workers exposed to harmful substances and to provide a scientific basis for occupational health monitoring. [Method] From January 2010 to June 2011, questionnaires were distributed to investigate 27 railway units within the jurisdiction of Jinan Railway Bureau. [Results] There were 323 fixed points of occupational hazards in 27 railway enterprises surveyed. The main occupational hazards were dust, noise, high temperature, ionizing radiation and toxic substances. Of the 30 occupational safety and health management systems surveyed, 25 had a rate of over 50%. Of the 6 984 workers exposed to occupational hazards, the prevalence of hypertension was 20.19%, the incidence of hyperlipidemia was 29.84%, the prevalence of hyperglycemia was 6.27%, the prevalence of fatty liver was 32.57%, the incidence of hepatic cyst The prevalence was 6.29%, the prevalence of hepatic hemangiomas was 1.78%, the prevalence of kidney stones was 2.10%, the prevalence of renal cysts was 4.45%, the hemoglobin reduction rate was 1.33%, the leukopenia rate was 0.37%, thrombocytopenia The rate is 0.43%. [Conclusion] There are many occupational hazards in railway units. The occupational hazards are less established in monitoring regulations of occupational hazards. Workers with occupational hazards are more likely to have fatty liver and hyperlipidemia.