目的监测、分析医务人员职业暴露的危险因素,健全和完善干预对策。方法对2004年1月至2012年9月162名职业暴露上报资料进行统计分析。结果 162名职业暴露中,发生率由高到低依次为护士57.41%、医生23.46%、实习进修人员12.35%;发生部门以普通病房为主58.64%,其次为重症监护病房18.52%及手术室9.26%;发生环节由高到低分别为拔针及拔针后处置不当74.07%、抢救危重患者操作11.11%、手术操作7.41%;暴露物品种类以空心针为主77.16%、其次为手术刀9.88%、血液、引流液8.64%;暴露源由高到低分别为HBV60.49%、HCV16.67%、梅毒15.43%。结论护士是高危人群,建立完整监测报告系统、强化血源性职业暴露安全培训、定期对临床科室进行督导检查,确保医务人员进行高风险操作时正确使用防护用品,最大限度降低职业暴露风险。 Objective To monitor and analyze the risk factors of medical staff occupational exposure and improve and perfect the intervention measures. Methods A total of 162 occupational exposure data from January 2004 to September 2012 were collected for statistical analysis. Results Among the 162 occupational exposures, the highest and lowest were 57.41% nurses, 23.46% doctors and 12.35% of trainees respectively. The prevalence was 58.64% in general wards, followed by 18.52% in intensive care unit and 9.26 in operating room %; The occurrence of high to low were 74.07% after improper needle and needle removal, 11.11% of emergency operation and 7.41% of surgical operation; the types of exposed articles were mainly hollow needles 77.16%, followed by scalpel 9.88% , Blood and drainage fluids were 8.64%. The highest and lowest exposure sources were HBV 60.49%, HCV 16.67% and syphilis 15.43% respectively. Conclusion The nurses are at high risk, and establish a complete monitoring and reporting system to strengthen the safety training of blood-related occupational exposure. The nursing staff regularly supervises and examines the clinical departments to ensure that medical personnel use the protective equipment correctly in high-risk operations and minimize the occupational exposure risk.