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一般来讲,作为需求管理的政策手段,财政政策不关心国债的使用方向。当国债政策的作用对象从单纯的周期性问题,变为经济增长问题和制度性问题时,国债使用方向影响国债政策的可持续性。撇开宏观经济调控因素,就财政预算原则而言,比较一致的观点是国债使用方向决定财政赤字的合理性。根据我国当前宏观经济运行特征,我国未来国债投资的方向应该是:继续重视生态建设和环境治理;继续加大教育投资;在加大城市基础设施投资的同时,努力改善农村的基础设施状况;继续重视与投资环境改善相关的基础设施建设;根据经济发展的阶段性特征,围绕结构调整和产业技术升级,继续有重点地支持企业的技术改造和高新技术产业化。
In general, as a policy tool of demand management, fiscal policy does not care about the direction of the use of government bonds. When the object of the national debt policy changes from a simple periodic problem to an economic growth problem and an institutional problem, the direction of the national debt affects the sustainability of the national debt policy. Leaving aside macroeconomic regulation and control factors, a more consistent view on the principle of fiscal budget is that the direction of the use of government bonds determines the rationality of fiscal deficits. According to the current macroeconomic characteristics of our country, the direction of China’s future national debt investment should be: continue to attach importance to ecological construction and environmental governance; continue to increase investment in education; increase investment in urban infrastructure, while efforts to improve rural infrastructure; continue Pay attention to the infrastructure construction related to the improvement of the investment environment. In the light of the phased characteristics of economic development, we will continue to focus on supporting the technological transformation of enterprises and the industrialization of high-tech industries around the structural adjustment and the upgrading of industrial technologies.