多角度衡量、评价中国国防费负担水平发现,中国的国防费负担水平存在“双重性”:与世界主要国家相比较而言,中国在国防费占GDP的比重、占财政支出比重等指标上偏低,但是在国防费占中央财政支出的比重,国防费相对于公共教育、医疗、科研支出的比重等指标上中国国防费负担水平并不是最低的。未来中国财政向民生支出的倾斜会使国防费增长面临更多困境。 Multi-angle measurement and evaluation of China’s burden of national defense found that the level of China’s burden of national defense exists “duality”: Compared with the major countries in the world, China’s share of national defense expenditure in GDP and its share in the proportion of fiscal expenditure However, the proportion of national defense expenditure in the central government’s expenditure, the proportion of national defense expenditure in relation to public education, medical treatment and research expenditure are not the lowest in China. In the future, the tilt of China’s fiscal expenditure toward people’s livelihood will make the growth of defense expenditure more difficult.