论文部分内容阅读
专题指导 本专题的主要内容包括:资本原始积累;主要资本主义国家在资产阶级革命(或改革、统一)前后的经济状况;资本主义世界市场的形成与变化;三次科技革命和两次世界大战对资本主义经济的影响等。主要资本主义国家的经济发展条件及变化情况是本专题的重点。资本主义世界市场的形成和发展变化对世界政治格局的影响;对资本主义经济发展的规律性认识是本专题的难点。 世界资本主义的发展大致经历了以下三个时期: (一)资本主义制度确立时期(1500—1870年) 英国。通过圈地运动、殖民掠夺,对外贸易完成了资本积累过程。英国的资本主义有较大发展,但是斯图亚特王朝的封建专制统治严重阻碍了英国资本主义的进一步发展。通过革命资产阶级与新贵族的统治确立,为资本主义的迅速发展扫清了道路,大大促进了生产力的发展。18世纪中期又打败法国,国外市场扩大。18世纪中期到19世纪上半期的工业革命,导致社会生产力迅速提高,英国成为“世界工场”,也成为在亚非拉都有广大殖民地的“日不落帝国”。
Thematic guidance The main topics of this topic include: capital accumulation; primary capitalist countries’ economic conditions before and after the bourgeois revolution (or reform, unification); capitalist world market formation and change; three scientific and technological revolutions and two world war pairs The influence of the capitalist economy. The conditions of economic development and changes in major capitalist countries are the focus of this topic. The influence of the formation and development of the capitalist world market on the world’s political structure, and the understanding of the law of capitalist economic development are the difficulties of this topic. The development of world capitalism has roughly gone through the following three periods: (1) The establishment of the capitalist system (1500-1870). Through enclosure movements and colonial plunder, foreign trade has completed the process of capital accumulation. The development of capitalism in the United Kingdom has been greater, but the feudal autocratic rule of the Stuart dynasty has severely hindered the further development of British capitalism. Through the establishment of the revolutionary bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy, it cleared the way for the rapid development of capitalism and greatly promoted the development of productivity. The French defeated France in the middle of the 18th century and the foreign market expanded. The industrial revolution from the middle of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century led to a rapid increase in social productivity. The United Kingdom has become a “world workshop,” and it has also become a “temporary empire that does not fall on a daily basis” in Asia, Africa and Latin America.