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文天祥(一二三六——一二八二年)字宋瑞,一字履善,号文山,吉州吉水(今江西吉水)人。南宋宝祐四年(一二五六年)进士,理宗亲拔为第一。历知瑞、赣等州,咸淳中除右丞相兼枢密使。卫王立,加少保,信国公。为南宋时期著名的政治家、文学家、书法家、主政重臣、抗元名将。开庆元年(一二五九)蒙古军队围困鄂州,其上书积极主张抗战,并请斩时任主迁都的宋臣。德祐元年(一二七五),元军东进,起兵勤王,官拜右丞相兼枢密使,并赴元
Wen Tianxiang (one two three six - one two two two two two two) word Song Rui, word to improve, No. Wenshan, Jizu Jishui (now Jiangxi Jishui) people. Southern Song Baoyou four years (one two five five years) Jinshi, Li Zong pro-first. Calendar known Switzerland, Jiangxi and other states, Xian Chun in addition to the right prime minister and pivot. Wei Wang Li, add less Paul, letter to the public. For the Southern Song Dynasty famous politician, writer, calligrapher, official minister, anti-Yuan famous. In the first year of the Qing dynasty (1215), the Mongol armies encircled Ezhou, and its letter actively advocated the war of resistance against Japan. De You first year (one two seven five), the yuan march eastward, raise troops to the king, the official worship and the right prime minister and envoys, and to yuan