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渗透性是土的基本特性之一,Darcy线性渗流定律自发现以来到现在一直被广泛应用于几乎所有类型土质。然而土体的非线性渗流现象也几乎一直见诸文献报道,依然是研究的热点和焦点。本文回顾了饱和粘土非线性渗流特性的发现过程,主要是初始水力梯度i0与渗流速度-水力梯度间(v-i)非线性关系两方面的研究历程。概括了粘土非线性渗流研究中所选用的实验方法、渗透实验中误差来源及实验方法与现场测试方法的比较。
Permeability is one of the basic characteristics of soil. Darcy’s law of linear seepage has been widely used in almost all types of soils since its discovery. However, the non-linear seepage phenomenon of soils has almost always been reported in the literature, which is still the focus and hotspot of research. This paper reviews the discovery process of nonlinear seepage characteristics of saturated clays, mainly from two aspects of the nonlinear relationship between initial hydraulic gradient i0 and seepage velocity-hydraulic gradient (v-i). This paper summarizes the experimental methods used in the nonlinear seepage study of clay, the sources of error in infiltration experiments and the comparison between experimental methods and field test methods.