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在中国性别就业差异持续扩大的背景下,文章基于2004-2007年的中国工业企业数据库检验了外资进入是如何通过竞争效应对企业性别就业差异产生影响的。结果显示,外资进入程度越高的地区与行业具有越低的性别就业差异,外资进入程度每增加1%,我国内资企业女性就业份额将会增加0.0407%,且这一结果在考虑了抽样偏倚、不同外资范围的界定、使用不同外资进入程度衡量标准和控制内生性后依然十分稳健。进一步的研究显示,外资进入通过提高企业面临的竞争程度来促使以利润最大化为目标的企业雇佣更多成本较低的女性劳动力,进而降低性别就业差异。更为重要的是,外资进入产生的竞争效应对于性别差异的影响在不同受教育群体之间存在差异,其对受过高等教育,特别是受过研究生以上教育的群体影响最大。文章结论表明,在经济全球化背景下完善市场竞争机制和提高女性受教育程度将有利于减少性别就业差异。此外,文章也为研究外资进入的社会经济影响提供了不一样的思路。
Against the background of the continuous expansion of gender employment in China, the paper tests the effect of foreign capital entry on the gender employment disparity through the competition effect based on the 2004-2007 China Industrial Enterprise Database. The results show that the lower the gender employment difference between the regions with higher degree of foreign investment and the industry, and every 1% increase in the degree of foreign capital entry, the female employment share of domestic-funded enterprises will increase 0.0407%, and this result takes into account the sampling bias, The definition of different scope of foreign investment, the use of different levels of foreign investment into the measure of standards and control of endogenous still very stable. Further studies show that foreign investment enters a business that aims to maximize profits by hiring more firms to compete and hiring more low-cost female workforce to reduce gender employment disparity. More importantly, the effect of the competition effect of foreign capital entry on gender differences is different among different education groups, and it has the greatest impact on groups with higher education, especially post-graduate education. The conclusion of the article shows that perfecting the market competition mechanism and increasing female education level under the background of economic globalization will be helpful to reduce the gender employment difference. In addition, the article also provides a different idea for studying the social and economic impact of foreign investment.