以黑龙江省苇河、带岭的大青杨为亲本,采用正交设计L16(45)对授粉后的雌花序施加0.2%～0.6%的秋水仙碱溶液进行染色体加倍试验,通过流式细胞术和染色体镜检方法检测变异植株的染色体倍性,共获得12株大青杨同源三倍体。结果表明,在授粉36～60h后用0.5%秋水仙碱溶液浸泡24h的诱导效果最好。大青杨三倍体植株叶长和叶宽分别高出二倍体21%和45%;其叶片气孔长、宽高出二倍体55%和45%,气孔密度是二倍体的18%。 In this study, we use the orthogonal design L16 (45) to apply 0.2% ~ 0.6% colchicine solution on the pollinated female inflorescences for chromosome doubling test. The results of flow cytometry Chromosome microscopy and chromosomal microscopy were used to detect chromosome ploidy. The results showed that the induction with 0.5% colchicine solution after 36 ~ 60h pollination was the best. Populus euphratica triploid plant leaf length and leaf width were 21% higher diploid and 45%; leaf stomatal length and width are 55% and 45% diploid, stomatal density is diploid 18% .