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目的:了解奉贤区出生缺陷发生情况、分布特征、影响因素,为降低出生缺陷发生制定干预措施提供依据。方法:采用回顾性方法对2008年1月1日~2009年12月31日奉贤区13 266例监测围产儿进行分析。结果:①奉贤区两年间出生缺陷儿188例,出生缺陷率为14.17‰;②出生缺陷前5位分别是先天性心脏病、多指(趾)、总唇裂、血管瘤和神经管畸形;③出生缺陷发生在男女性别、户籍、出生时间方面差异无统计学意义,但与孕妇年龄有关(2χ=7.517,P<0.05);④出生缺陷儿死亡与非出生缺陷儿死亡差异有统计学意义(2χ=1 345.85,P<0.001);⑤产前诊断及治疗性终止妊娠可降低活产婴儿的出生缺陷发生率,并使出生缺陷顺位发生改变。结论:出生缺陷发生与孕妇年龄有关,与性别、受孕时间、户籍无关;出生缺陷儿死亡是围产儿死亡的主要原因;做好三级预防是降低出生缺陷发生,降低围产儿死亡率的重要措施。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the occurrence, distribution characteristics and influencing factors of birth defects in Fengxian District and provide the basis for making interventions to reduce birth defects. Methods: The retrospective method was used to analyze 13 266 cases of perinatal monitoring in Fengxian District from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009. Results: ① There were 188 birth defects in Fengxian district in two years, the birth defect rate was 14.17 ‰. ② The top five birth defects were congenital heart disease, multiple fingers, total cleft lip, hemangiomas and neural tube defects. ③ There was no significant difference in gender, birth date and birth time between birth defects and birth defects (2χ = 7.517, P <0.05); ④The death of children with birth defects and non-birth defects was statistically significant ( 2χ = 1 345.85, P <0.001). (5) Prenatal diagnosis and therapeutic termination of pregnancy can reduce the incidence of birth defects in live births and change the order of birth defects. Conclusion: The birth defects are related to the age of pregnant women, but not to the sex, time of pregnancy and domicile. The death of birth defects is the major cause of perinatal death. To do tertiary prevention is an important measure to reduce birth defects and reduce perinatal mortality .