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本文以不同历史时期的 10个代表性棉花品种的 2年 5点试验和 1973～ 1996年棉花品种区域试验的历史资料研究我国黄淮棉区自 50年代以来棉花品种纤维品质性状的遗传改良效果。结果表明 ,建国 4 0多年来 ,该棉区棉花纤维品质育种取得了较大进展。在品种的增产潜力以每年 8kg/hm2 增长的同时 ,纤维强度约提高了 2 .35CN/dtex,产量与强度之间的负相关由 - 0 .5633* * 降到 - 0 .2 0 89(不显著 ) ;绒长变化不显著 ,细度有变粗的趋势 ;育成了一批优质、高产、综合性状好的棉花品种 ,如中棉所 12号和中棉所 19号等 ,基本符合当前生产的要求。该棉区棉花品种纤维强度水平距棉纺业的要求尚存在较大差距 ,今后育种需加大纤维强度和马克隆值的改良力度。在充分利用现有群体的基础上 ,创造和扩大育种群体的遗传变异 ,改进选择技术 ,进一步协同改良产量和强度以及强度和细度
In this paper, the genetic improvement of fiber quality traits of cotton varieties in the Huanghuai cotton area of China since the 1950s was studied based on the historical data of 5 representative trials of 10 representative cotton cultivars in different historical periods and the regional data of 1973 ~ 1996 cotton cultivars. The results show that more than 40 years since the founding of the PRC, cotton fiber quality breeding in the cotton area has made great progress. At the same time, the yield potential of the varieties increased by 8kg / hm2 per year, while the fiber strength increased by about 2.35CN / dtex. The negative correlation between yield and strength decreased from -0.5633 * to -0.289 (not Significant). There was no significant change in cashmere length and coarseness with fineness. A number of cotton varieties with good quality, high yield and good comprehensive traits were bred, such as No. 12 cotton plant and Zhongmian No. 19, which basically met the current production Request. There is a big gap between the fiber strength of cotton varieties and cotton spinning industry in this cotton area. In the future, the improvement of fiber strength and micronaire need to be strengthened in breeding. On the basis of making full use of existing groups, it is necessary to create and expand genetic variation in breeding populations, improve selection techniques, and further synergize improved yields and intensities as well as strength and fineness