论文部分内容阅读
小儿一般是指新生儿、乳幼儿及儿童,小儿的体液占体重的百分率远比成人为大,如早产儿为50％。平产儿为45％,新生儿为30％。乳幼儿为25％,成人则为20％,其中主要是细胞外液变化较大,而脂肪占体重的百分率则较成人为低。肝脏重量是随年龄增长而相应地增加,出生时肝重约60～80g。1个月后为100～130g,1岁时为280～300g,5岁时为580～600g,10岁为600～00g,成人约1800g,肝脏药物代谢酶随年龄增加而渐趋完善,如肝微粒体羟化酶。8周的胎儿已有存在,出生2周后达成人水平。胎儿、小儿肾脏功能都较低。肾血流量按体表面积计算新生儿约为成人的40％。肾小球滤过值按体表面积计算出生后4个月约为成人的25～50％。
Pediatric generally refers to newborns, young children and children, children’s body fluids accounted for a greater percentage of body weight than adults, such as premature children was 50%. 45% of those with flat births and 30% of newborns. 25% for infants and toddlers and 20% for adults, with a predominance of greater changes in extracellular fluid and a lower percentage of body fat in fat than in adults. Liver weight increases with age and a corresponding increase in liver weight at birth about 60 ~ 80g. 100 to 130 g after 1 month, 280 to 300 g at age 1, 580 to 600 g at 5 years old, 600 to 00 g at 10 years old, and about 1800 g in adult. The hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme gradually improves with age, Microsomal hydroxylase. The fetus has been present for 8 weeks and has reached adult level after 2 weeks of birth. Fetal, pediatric kidney function are lower. Renal blood flow by body surface area calculated for newborns about 40% of adults. Glomerular filtration value by body surface area calculated after birth 4 months is about 25 to 50% of adults.