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[摘要] 目的 探讨耳鼻喉疾病患者术后感染的相关因素。 方法 选取2016年12月～2017年6月我院耳鼻喉科患者96例，治疗方案为手术治疗，统计分析患者术后感染情况，相关因素包括年龄、性别、感染部位、住院时间、手术持续时间、抗生素使用情况等。依据分析情况进行相应临床诊疗操作。 结果 选取的96例患者发生感染6例，感染率为6.25%。其中男女各3例，感染率为6.52%和6.00%。按年龄分组发现≥45岁和<45岁两组均有3例，感染率为5.36%和7.50%。术后发生呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿系统和其他疾病造成的感染率为6.67%、7.69%、4.76%和5.26%，组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；按手术时间、住院时间和术后抗生素使用情况对手术感染发生率进行因素间比较发现，三类因素组间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 分析耳鼻喉科手术患者术后感染因素，针对性进行相关操作，正确合理使用抗生素，可缩短住院时间，提高治疗效果，值得临床推广。
[关键词] 耳鼻喉；术后；感染因素；临床用药
[中图分类号] R762 [文献标识码] B [文章編号] 1673-9701（2017）36-0061-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the related factors of postoperative infection in the patients with otolaryngological diseases. Methods 96 patients in the E.N.T. Department in our hospital from December 2016 to June 2017 were selected. The treatment protocol was surgical treatment. The postoperative infection was statistically analyzed. Relevant factors included age， sex， site of infection， length of stay， duration of surgery， use of antibiotics and more. According to the analysis， the corresponding clinical diagnosis and treatment operations were carried out. Results Among 96 patients who were selected， 6 patients were infected， with the infection rate of 6.25%. There were 3 males and females， with infection rates of 6.52% and 6.00%. By age groups， it was found that there were 3 cases in both groups in the patients over 45 years of age and less than 45 years of age， with the infection rate of 5.36% and 7.50%. Infections rates of postoperative respiratory， digestive， urinary and other diseases were 6.67%， 7.69%， 4.76% and 5.26% respectively. Data comparison found no statistically significant differences between groups（P>0.05）； according to the operation time， length of stay and postoperative antibiotic use， the incidence rate of surgical infections was compared between groups， and the differences of three factors were found statistically significantly different（P<0.05）. Conclusion The postoperative infection factors for the patients receiving E.N.T. surgery is analyzed. Relevant procedures are carried out pertinently， and the antibiotics is used reasonably， which can shorten the length of hospital stay and improve the curative effect， which is worthy of clinical promotion.
[Key words] E.N.T.； Postoperative； Infection factors； Clinical drug use
手术治疗是耳鼻喉科疾病经常用到的一种治疗手段[1]，与其他外科手术一样，术后感染成为治疗后常见的临床疾病，手术后患者感染不仅影响手术治疗的质量，同时也延长患者的治疗时间，不同层度增加治疗费用，造成患者生活质量下降和心理上的负担。因耳鼻喉术后感染发生率高，相关因素也较多，因此分析感染发生的相关因素，针对性采取手段降低和减少术后感染是反映治疗水平的重要指标。为减少和控制术后感染，减轻患者痛苦和经济负担，医护人员应高度重视各项治疗操作，以免发生手术后感染。相关学者[2，3]统计发现发生术后感染的主要部位为泌尿系统、消化系统、呼吸系统等，本文就相关因素进行资料分析，总结患者术后感染影响因素，为临床治疗及操作提供依据，现报道如下。 [6] 吳书晓. 耳鼻喉术后感染因素分析[J]. 中国实用医药，2014，（19）：104-105.
[7] 皮雷鸣，黄东海. 耳鼻喉科术后感染因素分析[J]. 中国现代医生，2013，51（24）：20-21.
[8] 曾健. 耳鼻喉外科术后感染影响因素分析[J]. 当代医学，2015，19（19）：60-61.
[9] 汪洋清. 围手术期抗菌药物不合理使用调查分析[J]. 中国医学创新，2010，7（26）：160-161.
[10] 丁见. 耳鼻喉外科手术患者术后感染影响因素分析[C]//2015临床急重症经验交流第二次高峰论坛，2015.
[11] 陈佳. 浅谈耳鼻喉外科术后感染影响因素[J]. 医药卫生：文摘版，2016，（8）：123.
[12] 侯丽达. 819例耳鼻喉外科手术患者术后感染影响因素分析[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志，2013，23（9）：2112-2114.
[13] Beleites E. The 76th annual assembly of the German Society of Ear-Nose-Throat-Alternative Medicine，Head- and Throat-surgery. 4-8 May 2005. Foreword[J]. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie，2005.
[14] Liu Y. Research on the influence factors of postoperative infection in ear-nose-throat surgical department[J]. Chinese Community Doctors，2015，31（8）：133-134.
[15] Chen XJ，Chen WJ. Relative factors analysis on postoperative infection in patients with ear-nose-throat surgery[J]. China Medical Herald，2013，10（32）：57-59.
（收稿日期：2017-10-23）
[关键词] 耳鼻喉；术后；感染因素；临床用药
[中图分类号] R762 [文献标识码] B [文章編号] 1673-9701（2017）36-0061-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the related factors of postoperative infection in the patients with otolaryngological diseases. Methods 96 patients in the E.N.T. Department in our hospital from December 2016 to June 2017 were selected. The treatment protocol was surgical treatment. The postoperative infection was statistically analyzed. Relevant factors included age， sex， site of infection， length of stay， duration of surgery， use of antibiotics and more. According to the analysis， the corresponding clinical diagnosis and treatment operations were carried out. Results Among 96 patients who were selected， 6 patients were infected， with the infection rate of 6.25%. There were 3 males and females， with infection rates of 6.52% and 6.00%. By age groups， it was found that there were 3 cases in both groups in the patients over 45 years of age and less than 45 years of age， with the infection rate of 5.36% and 7.50%. Infections rates of postoperative respiratory， digestive， urinary and other diseases were 6.67%， 7.69%， 4.76% and 5.26% respectively. Data comparison found no statistically significant differences between groups（P>0.05）； according to the operation time， length of stay and postoperative antibiotic use， the incidence rate of surgical infections was compared between groups， and the differences of three factors were found statistically significantly different（P<0.05）. Conclusion The postoperative infection factors for the patients receiving E.N.T. surgery is analyzed. Relevant procedures are carried out pertinently， and the antibiotics is used reasonably， which can shorten the length of hospital stay and improve the curative effect， which is worthy of clinical promotion.
[Key words] E.N.T.； Postoperative； Infection factors； Clinical drug use
手术治疗是耳鼻喉科疾病经常用到的一种治疗手段[1]，与其他外科手术一样，术后感染成为治疗后常见的临床疾病，手术后患者感染不仅影响手术治疗的质量，同时也延长患者的治疗时间，不同层度增加治疗费用，造成患者生活质量下降和心理上的负担。因耳鼻喉术后感染发生率高，相关因素也较多，因此分析感染发生的相关因素，针对性采取手段降低和减少术后感染是反映治疗水平的重要指标。为减少和控制术后感染，减轻患者痛苦和经济负担，医护人员应高度重视各项治疗操作，以免发生手术后感染。相关学者[2，3]统计发现发生术后感染的主要部位为泌尿系统、消化系统、呼吸系统等，本文就相关因素进行资料分析，总结患者术后感染影响因素，为临床治疗及操作提供依据，现报道如下。 [6] 吳书晓. 耳鼻喉术后感染因素分析[J]. 中国实用医药，2014，（19）：104-105.
[7] 皮雷鸣，黄东海. 耳鼻喉科术后感染因素分析[J]. 中国现代医生，2013，51（24）：20-21.
[8] 曾健. 耳鼻喉外科术后感染影响因素分析[J]. 当代医学，2015，19（19）：60-61.
[9] 汪洋清. 围手术期抗菌药物不合理使用调查分析[J]. 中国医学创新，2010，7（26）：160-161.
[10] 丁见. 耳鼻喉外科手术患者术后感染影响因素分析[C]//2015临床急重症经验交流第二次高峰论坛，2015.
[11] 陈佳. 浅谈耳鼻喉外科术后感染影响因素[J]. 医药卫生：文摘版，2016，（8）：123.
[12] 侯丽达. 819例耳鼻喉外科手术患者术后感染影响因素分析[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志，2013，23（9）：2112-2114.
[13] Beleites E. The 76th annual assembly of the German Society of Ear-Nose-Throat-Alternative Medicine，Head- and Throat-surgery. 4-8 May 2005. Foreword[J]. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie，2005.
[14] Liu Y. Research on the influence factors of postoperative infection in ear-nose-throat surgical department[J]. Chinese Community Doctors，2015，31（8）：133-134.
[15] Chen XJ，Chen WJ. Relative factors analysis on postoperative infection in patients with ear-nose-throat surgery[J]. China Medical Herald，2013，10（32）：57-59.
（收稿日期：2017-10-23）