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研究旨在探讨个体分类倾向的发展趋势与影响因素。实验一采用图片、文字两种方式呈现实验材料,并使用不同指导语,要求被试选择三个事物中关系更近的两个。结果表明,成人比儿童具有更显著的按照主题分类的倾向,实验材料的呈现方式对于被试分类倾向没有显著影响。实验二进一步考察了分类倾向的发展轨迹,随着年龄增长,个体按照主题划分事物的倾向增强,由倾向于按照分类学规则向按照主题分类的转变可能发生在小学低中年级之间。
The purpose of this study is to explore the development trend and influential factors of individual classification tendency. Experiment one uses pictures and texts to present experimental materials in two ways, and uses different directives, and subjects are asked to select two of the three things that are closer. The results showed that adults had a more pronounced tendency to categorize subjects than children, and the way in which experimental materials were presented had no significant effect on subjects’ classifications. In Experiment 2, we further examined the development path of taxonomic tendency. As we age, the tendency of individuals to classify things according to their topics is enhanced. The transition from subject to taxonomy, which tends to follow taxonomic rules, may occur between the lower primary school grades.