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19世纪中期以后 ,法国出现了一个新阶层——中间阶层。它主要由中小业主、职员、低级官员和自由职业者组成 ,他们是随着法国工业化、城市化的发展而于第二帝国末兴起 ,第三共和国时进入政权 ;他们的经济地位与工人相近 ,但在文化程度、生活态度和行为方式等方面则大不相同 ,其政治倾向由激进逐渐转向保守。新阶层的出现对法国 1 9世纪后期政治民主化、共和国的稳定和进步都产生了极其重要的影响。
After the mid-19th century, France emerged a new class - the middle class. It is mainly composed of small and medium-sized property owners, staff, low-ranking officials and freelance workers who rose at the end of the Second Reich with the development of French industrialization and urbanization and entered the regime in the Third Republic. Their economic status is similar to that of workers, However, there are great differences in terms of education level, life attitude and behavior, and their political orientation has gradually shifted from radical to conservative. The emergence of a new stratum exerted an extremely important influence on France’s political democratization in the late nineteenth century and the stability and progress of the republic.