专家系统模拟特定领域里专家解决问题的技能,它们不同于常规的程序用固定的算法操纵数据,而是收集大量的以事实为形式的零碎知识,和专家用于解决特定问题的判断规则。专家系统已成功地应用在医学诊断、设备故障诊断、计算机配置、矿物勘探和化学数据解释等方面。这些系统由于抓住和利用了特定领域中专家的知识,并且可以集中多个专家的知识,因而用途很大。它们处理那些典型的坏结构问题,并且有极大的解答范围,通常涉及诊断或计划方面,专家们用他们从经验中得来的启发式方法处理这些问题。 Expert systems simulate the problem-solving skills of specialists in a particular field. Instead of manipulating data with a fixed algorithm in conventional procedures, they collect a large amount of piecemeal fact-based knowledge and judgment rules that experts use to solve a particular problem. Expert system has been successfully used in medical diagnosis, equipment fault diagnosis, computer configuration, mineral exploration and chemical data interpretation and so on. These systems are of great use because they capture and utilize the expertise of specialists in a particular field and can pool the knowledge of multiple experts. They deal with typical bad structural problems and have a huge range of answers, often involving diagnostics or planning, and experts deal with them using the heuristics they have gained from experience.