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最近的研究结果证实,肿瘤中存在一小部分肿瘤干细胞,肿瘤干细胞兼有成体干细胞和胚胎干细胞的自我更新和多能性的特征,在肿瘤发展中有重要作用。实体瘤中由于血供不良存在低氧区域,低氧诱导肿瘤细胞产生低氧诱导因子(HIF)。HIF可以活化干细胞包括胚胎干细胞、成体干细胞和肿瘤干细胞的自我更新信号转导途径包括Notch信息转导途径和转录因子Oct4,对维持干细胞的特性有重要意义,低氧对于肿瘤干细胞这些信号转导途径的影响对肿瘤的发生、发展有很大影响,也是肿瘤对放疗和化疗产生抵抗的原因之一。
Recent studies have confirmed that there are a small number of cancer stem cells in tumors. Cancer stem cells have the characteristics of self-renewal and pluripotency of adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells, and play an important role in tumor development. Hypoxia induces hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in tumor cells due to hypoxemia in solid tumors. HIF can activate self-renewal signal transduction pathways of stem cells including embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and cancer stem cells, including the Notch signaling pathway and the transcription factor Oct4, which are important for maintaining the characteristics of stem cells. Hypoxia and these signal transduction pathways for cancer stem cells The influence of the disease on the occurrence and development of the tumor has a great impact, and it is also one of the reasons for the tumor to resist radiotherapy and chemotherapy.