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本文认为《资本论》对资本主义生产关系本质的揭示是以商品经济的运行为载体的，因而市场经济理论在《资本论》中就占有极其重要的地位；《资本论》把简单商品经济与资本主义商品经济区别开来的同时，也就把简单商品经济的市场构成与资本主义商品经济的市场构成区别开来了。与此相联系，作为市场经济的调节机制，在简单商品经济与资本主义商品经济之间的区别只是调节水平的低与高的区别；《资本论》一方面肯定了市场经济为资本主义经济发展带来了高效率，另一方面也指出了市场经济在收入分配上会造成贫富悬殊的不良现象。
This paper argues that “capital” reveals the essence of the capitalist relations of production based on the operation of commodity economy as a carrier, and thus the theory of market economy occupies an extremely important position in “capital theory.” “Capitalism” combines simple commodity economy with While distinguishing the capitalist commodity economy, the market structure of the simple commodity economy is also distinguished from that of the capitalist commodity economy. In connection with this, as a regulatory mechanism of the market economy, the difference between the simple commodity economy and the capitalist commodity economy is only the difference between the low and the high adjustment level. On the one hand, “capitalism” affirms that the market economy is the capitalist economic development Brought about high efficiency. On the other hand, it also pointed out the unfavorable phenomenon that the market economy will cause disparity between the rich and the poor on the distribution of income.