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一、进行了两万多次的实验20世纪初,利用氮气和氢气为原料实现合成氨的工业化生产,是人们长期以来的愿望,但却一直没有取得突破性进展。1909年,德国化工专家哈伯(F.Haber)发现锇催化剂,取得了前所未有的成绩,然而锇是贵重金属,给合成氨的普及带来困难。于是,德国化学家波施(C.Bosch)等决心研究一种廉价易得的催化剂。他们对各种金属及矿物进行比较分析,最后用天然磁铁矿实验,发现具有良好效果,但同时又发现表面上的半熔现象会极大降低其活性,只得掺入其他物质以克服这一消极因素。而这些助催化剂的组成和比例,却使他们颇费周折,经过两万多次实验,终于得到了理想的含有少量K、Mg、Al和Ca的铁组催化剂。
I. Conducted more than 20,000 experiments At the beginning of the 20th century, the use of nitrogen and hydrogen as raw materials to achieve the industrialized production of synthetic ammonia was a long-held desire, but no breakthrough has been made. In 1909, German chemical expert F. Haber discovered that the ruthenium catalyst had achieved unprecedented results. However, ruthenium was a precious metal, which made it difficult to popularize ammonia. Thus, the German chemist C. Bosch and others determined to study a cheap and readily available catalyst. They conducted a comparative analysis of various metals and minerals. At the end, they used natural magnetite experiments and found that they had good results. At the same time, they found that the half-melting phenomenon on the surface would greatly reduce their activity, and they had to incorporate other substances to overcome this. Negative factors. The composition and proportion of these co-catalysts have caused them to struggle. After more than 20,000 experiments, an ideal iron catalyst containing a small amount of K, Mg, Al, and Ca was finally obtained.