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一種語義功能由多個介詞詞形表達是中古近代漢語介詞突出的特點。按照語言的經濟原則,所有同功能的成員在共時平面上必然要形成競争之勢。從歷史演變的角度看,競争主要會導致以下這些結果:(1)沿用或消失,消失又可分爲完全消失和部分消失;(2)形成分工或互補;(3)用於不同的地域方言;(4)用於不同的社會方言。造成競争不同結果的原因有以下幾點:(1)使用頻率的多寡;(2)語法化程度的高低;(3)組合能力的強弱;(4)某一功能在該詞所有功能中的地位的高低(使用時間的長短和使用頻率的高低);(5)動詞語源義。本文的現象觀察與動因解釋都超出了語法化文獻裹提到的“更新”所涵蓋的範圍。
A Semantic Function Expressed by Prepositions and Prepositions Is a Prominent Feature of Modern Chinese Prepositions. According to the economic principle of language, all members of the same function must form a competitive trend on a synchronic plane. From the perspective of historical evolution, competition mainly results in the following results: (1) disappear or disappear, disappear completely and disappear partially; (2) form a division of labor or complementarity; (3) use different regional dialects ; (4) for different social dialects. (1) The frequency of use; (2) The level of grammaticalization; (3) The strength of combination ability; (4) The position of a function in all functions of the word (Using the length of time and the frequency of use); (5) Verb meaning. The phenomenon observation and motivation explanation of this article are beyond the scope covered by the “update” of the grammaticalized document.