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以1989年建立的国家黑土肥力与肥料效益监测基地的长期肥料定位试验为研究平台,研究等氮条件下有机无机肥长期配施对玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响。研究结果表明,长期氮磷钾肥配施(NPK)及氮磷钾肥与有机肥配施(牛粪+NPK、秸秆+NPK)有利于玉米产量的提高,与不施肥(CK)相比,分别提高192.0%、218.3%和192.6%。NPK、牛粪+NPK及秸秆+NPK处理氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力均显著高于单施氮肥处理。经18年长期定位试验,与试验初期相比均能提高土壤有机质含量、全氮含量及碱解氮含量,以牛粪+NPK处理效果最好,分别增加46.6%、28.6%和36.8%。施用牛粪及秸秆后土壤pH值年纪间变化不大,长期施用化肥土壤pH值降低。
Based on the long-term fertilizer experiment of national black soil fertility and fertilizer benefit monitoring base set up in 1989, the effects of long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer application on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of maize under different nitrogen conditions were studied. The results showed that long-term NPK fertilization (NPK) and NPK fertilizer combined with organic manure (cow dung + NPK and straw + NPK) were beneficial to the increase of maize yield. Compared with no CK, 192.0%, 218.3% and 192.6%. NPK, cow manure + NPK and straw + NPK agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity were significantly higher than the single nitrogen treatment. After 18 years of long-term experiment, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content increased by 46.6%, 28.6% and 36.8% respectively compared with the initial experiment. The pH value of soil changed little after applying cow dung and straw, and the pH value of soil under long-term application of fertilizer decreased.