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在有机化学反应中,一直存在着如何促进二相之间反应的问题,过去一般多使用能和水发生互溶的极性有机溶剂,如甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、二氧六环等来进行改善。近年盛行如二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、乙腈(AN)、六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)等双极性非质子型溶剂(dipolar aprotic solvent),由于它能使阳离子发生强烈的溶剂化作用,因此能很好地溶于有机相中。但是,前者阴离子在极性质子溶剂中受到较强的溶剂化会使反应活性下降;后者阳离子在溶剂中受到较强烈的溶剂化,阴离子的溶剂化会变弱,
In organic chemical reactions, there has always been a problem of how to promote the reaction between two phases. In the past, the use of polar organic solvents that were miscible with water, such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, dioxane and the like, was generally improved. In recent years, bipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile (AN) and hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) Cation can make a strong role in solvation, it can be well dissolved in the organic phase. However, the former anion is strongly solvated in a polar protic solvent to decrease the reactivity, while the latter is more strongly solvated in a solvent, and the solvation of the anion becomes weaker.