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目的了解胜利油田女工生殖健康状况并探讨其影响因素,为促进女工生殖健康提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法对1 392名女工进行问卷调查,分别采用单因素分析和多元回归分析方法分析生殖健康状况与人口学特征、配偶人口学或行为特征、职业史及危害接触情况、孕育情况各因素的关系。结果油田女工妇科疾病发生率为68.4%;患病率前3位的是阴道炎、乳腺增生、慢性宫颈炎,分别为32.0%、23.9%、15.5%;生殖道感染患病率为46.5%。女工年龄越大、学历越低、婚龄越长,患病率越高;配偶年龄越大、学历越低、有吸烟和饮酒行为,患病率越高;本人或配偶接触危害因素、夜班或轮班作业,患病率较高;有妊娠、流产、病理妊娠史,妊娠次数越多,患病率越高。回归分析结果表明,接触职业性有害因素、学历、婚龄、妊娠次数、流产史、病理妊娠史、配偶吸烟进入了回归方程(P<0.05)。结论接触职业性有害因素,有流产史,有病理妊娠史,学历越低,婚龄越长以及配偶吸烟,则女工妇科疾病发病率越高。应重点从以上因素入手制定干预措施,提高女工生殖健康水平。
Objective To understand the reproductive health status of female workers in Shengli Oilfield and to explore the influential factors, so as to provide the basis for promoting the reproductive health of female workers. Methods A total of 1 392 female workers were surveyed by cluster sampling method. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between reproductive health status and demographics, spousal demography or behavioral characteristics, occupational history and exposure status, Relationship between the various factors. Results The prevalence of gynecological diseases was 68.4%. The prevalence rates of vaginitis, mammary gland hyperplasia and chronic cervicitis were 32.0%, 23.9% and 15.5% respectively. The prevalence of genital tract infection was 46.5%. The higher the age of the female worker, the lower the education level, the longer the marriage age, the higher the prevalence. The older the spouse is, the lower the education level is, the higher the prevalence is with smoking and drinking behavior. The nighttime shift or shift Homework, a higher prevalence; a pregnancy, miscarriage, pathological pregnancy history, the more pregnancy, the higher the prevalence. Regression analysis showed that exposure to occupational harmful factors, education, marriage age, number of pregnancies, abortion history, history of pregnancy, spouse smoking entered the regression equation (P <0.05). Conclusions The incidence of gynecological diseases is higher in female workers due to exposure to occupational harmful factors, history of abortion, history of pathological pregnancy, lower education level, longer marriage age and smoking of spouse. Should focus on the above factors to develop interventions to improve the reproductive health of women workers.