成人免疫程序需要考虑年龄、免疫史、健康状态、生活方式、职业和旅行等因素。成人疫苗接种率较低有多方面的原因,包括公众对成人免疫意识的局限性,预防接种纳入常规医疗服务与疫苗需求定期评估存在着差距。2013年9月,美国国家疫苗咨询委员会(National Vaccine Advisory Committee,NVAC)批准了成人免疫程序的最新标准。该标准承认目前成人的疫苗接种率较低,卫生保健提供者 Adult immunization programs need to take into consideration factors such as age, immunization history, health status, lifestyle, occupation and travel. The reasons for the low adult vaccination coverage are manifold, including the public’s limited immunization awareness of adults and the gap between regular immunization coverage and regular assessment of vaccine needs. In September 2013, the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) approved the latest standard for adult immunization programs. The standard acknowledges the current low vaccination rate among adults, health care providers