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目的评价小学生在校营养午餐微量营养素的摄入情况及全天膳食比例。方法采用方便抽样的方法,选择丰台区4所提供营养午餐的小学1~6年级共770名学生作为研究对象。采用膳食分析软件分析学校连续3天的午餐食谱并考虑剩余情况,计算午餐微量营养素,包括钙、铁、锌、维生素A、维生素B_1、维生素B_2、维生素C的实际摄入量;采用3 d膳食回顾法获得校外膳食微量营养素的摄入量。结果营养午餐钙、铁、锌、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B_2、维生素C摄入不足比例分别为100%、14.5%、19.6%、78.7%、98.2%、74.2%和92.7%,全天膳食7种微量营养素摄入不足比例分别为94.2%、14.0%、12.6%、61.7%、79.2%、51.7%和63.9%,且营养午餐和全天膳食7种微量营养素的摄入不足比例均有随年龄增加而增长的趋势(P<0.001);营养午餐和全天膳食中各年龄组钙和4种维生素的实际摄入量占RNI的比例均低于相应标准,铁、锌则基本达到相应标准;营养午餐中铁锌摄入占全天摄入的百分比的平均水平达到推荐值(40%),而其他微量营养素的占比基本在30%左右。结论小学生营养午餐及全天膳食中各微量营养素的摄入不足情况均较严重,且营养午餐对全天微量营养素摄入的贡献较小。
Objective To evaluate the nutritional intake of micronutrients in primary school students and the proportion of whole-day diet. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 770 primary school students in grade 1 to grade 6 in Fengtai District for their study. Dietary analysis software was used to analyze the school’s lunch recipes for three consecutive days and to calculate the actual intake of micronutrients in lunch, including calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B_1, vitamin B_2 and vitamin C, taking 3 d diet Retrospective access to off-school meal micronutrient intake. Results Dietary intake of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B_2 and vitamin C were 100%, 14.5%, 19.6%, 78.7%, 98.2%, 74.2% and 92.7% The undernourishment of 7 kinds of micronutrients was 94.2%, 14.0%, 12.6%, 61.7%, 79.2%, 51.7% and 63.9%, respectively, and the proportion of under-nutrition of 7 kinds of micronutrients in nutritional lunch and all-day diet was (P <0.001). The actual intake of calcium and four vitamins in nutritional supplements and four vitamins in nutritional lunch and all-day diet accounted for less than the corresponding standard for RNI, and iron and zinc basically reached the corresponding standards ; The average level of intake of iron and zinc in nutritional lunch during the whole day reached the recommended level (40%), while the proportion of other micronutrients was about 30%. Conclusions The intake of micronutrients in nutrition lunch and whole-day diet for primary school students is more serious, and nutrition lunch contributes less to micronutrient intake throughout the day.