对普通法类比推理过程的研究,有助于减少普通法类比推理的不稳定性和不确定性。目前这方面研究存在四种观点,它们对普通法类比推理过程的起点、比较环节和非线性特点的讨论都有待商榷和深入,因此有必要提出并论证新的“四阶段论”模式。新的模式具有三个方面的特征:它认为普通法类比推理过程的第一个步骤是对目标案件形成认知与理解;强调普通法类比推理过程的各个步骤互相结合和互相约束的关系,尤其是推理过程的非线性特点;揭示了普通法类比推理过程中两个关键因素之间的构成性张力。 The study of analogical reasoning in common law helps to reduce the instability and uncertainty of common law analogy. At present, there are four kinds of opinions in this research field. They have to be discussed and discussed deeply about the starting point, comparative links and non-linear features of common law analogical reasoning process. Therefore, it is necessary to present and demonstrate the new “four-stage theory” mode. The new model has three characteristics: it considers that the first step of the common law analogical reasoning process is to form a cognition and understanding of the target case; it emphasizes the mutual binding and mutual restraint relationship of each step of common law analogical reasoning process, especially Is the non-linear characteristic of the process of reasoning. It reveals the constitutive tension between two key factors in the common law analogical inference.