自行设计引物并建立早孕妇女外周血中胎儿细胞检测的巢式ＰＣＲ方法、计算机辅助设计的两对引物位于Ｙ染色体ＺＰＹ基因保守区内，扩增产物分别是３５４ｂｐ和３０７ｂｐ，该引物具有高度的特异性和敏感性。应用该引物对３１例６１４周的早孕妇女连续采血基因扩增，１９例妊娠男性胎儿妇女外周血中孕６周即有胎儿细胞检出１／１９（５３％），ＺＰＹ基因检出率随孕周增加而增高，而到孕１２周则达到１８／１９（９４７％），总有效率可达９６８％。提示该方法检测胎儿细胞ＤＮＡ是可行的、且胎儿细胞最早进入母血循环的时间存在明显的个体差异，利用母血中胎儿细胞进行产前诊断的最佳采血时间以孕１２周以后为宜，并应注意假阳性结果的判断。 Primers were designed and the nested PCR method was established to detect fetal cells in the peripheral blood of pregnant women. Two pairs of primers designed by computer aided design were located in the conserved region of Y chromosome ZPY gene. The amplification products were 354bp and 307bp, respectively. The primers were highly specific Sexuality and sensitivity. The primers were used to amplify continuous blood samples from 31 pregnant women of 614 weeks old and 19 fetuses of pregnant women whose fetus were detected in peripheral blood for 6 weeks. The detection rate of ZPY gene was 1/19 (53%), With the increase of gestational age and increased, and 12 weeks of pregnancy reached 18/19 (947%), the total efficiency of up to 96  8%. It is suggested that this method is feasible to detect fetal cell DNA, and there are obvious individual differences in the time when fetal cells enter maternal blood circulation. The best time for prenatal diagnosis using fetus cells in maternal blood should be 12 weeks after pregnancy Should pay attention to the false positive result judgment.