一与R.M.黑尔(Hare)教授一样,我发觉两层次道德理论的观点颇具吸引力,而且黑尔教授引以支持这一观点的某些理由也同样激励着我。但他所述观点中包含着若干我所不能苟同的因素。本文的目的就在于探求我与他之间相互一致和分歧的根源。有几种不同的思路都可以得出存在不同道德思维层次这一结论。对于那些已经接受了一种象功利主义这样的道德理论的人们来说,由于他们带有与日常道德思维极其不符的意思,所以,作为解释它们这种分歧的方法,“两层次”理论似乎是吸引人的。严格地说,尽管根据最好的道德理论来讲,常识道德诫律是不正确的,但从这一理论观点出发, As with R.M. Hare, I find the two-level ethics point of view attractive, and some of the reasons Professor Hale cited in support of this idea also motivate me. However, his point of view contains a number of factors that I can not agree with. The purpose of this article is to explore the root causes of mutual agreement and disagreement between me and him. There are several different ways in which one can conclude that there are different levels of moral thinking. For those who have embraced a moral theory such as utilitarianism, the “two-level” theory seems to be, as a way of explaining their disagreement, because they carry a meaning that is extremely inconsistent with everyday moral thinking attractive. Strictly speaking, although according to the best moral theory, the common-law moral commandment is not correct, from this theoretical point of view,