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目的了解我国饮用水中隐孢子虫、贾第鞭毛虫(以下简称“两虫”)的污染情况,发现“两虫”检验的替代性指标。方法在黑龙江省、北京市和安徽省各选取1个地级市(区)水厂,分别在2014年的丰水期(8月)和枯水期(11月),采集水源水和处理水(出厂水、末梢水)水样,检测“两虫”和微生物基础指标(包括菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希菌和肠球菌)及浊度。结果在控制浊度变量时,隐孢子虫仅在丰水期水源水中与总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群呈正相关(均P<0.05)。贾第鞭毛虫在枯水期水源水中与耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希菌、肠球菌呈正相关(均P<0.05),在枯水期处理水中仅与肠球菌呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论贾第鞭毛虫与微生物基础指标的相关性比隐孢子虫明显,这种相关性受浊度影响较大。本研究发现贾第鞭毛虫与肠球菌在水源水和处理水中均有相关性,可继续深入研究肠球菌是否可作为贾第鞭毛虫的替代性指标。
Objective To understand the pollution status of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in drinking water in our country and find out the alternative indexes of the test of “two insects”. Methods One prefecture-level city (district) water plant was selected in each of Heilongjiang Province, Beijing Municipality and Anhui Province. During the wet season (August) and dry season (November) in 2014, the water source and treated water Water, peripheral water) water samples, detection of “two insects” and microbial basis indicators (including the total number of colonies, total coliform bacteria, heat-resistant coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and enterococci) and turbidity. Results Cryptosporidium was positively correlated with total coliforms and heat-resistant coliform bacteria only in the water source water during the wet season (P <0.05). Giardia was positively correlated with heat-resistant coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and enterococci in the water source water of dry season (all P <0.05), but only positive correlation with enterococci (P <0.05) in the water of dry season. Conclusion The correlation between Giardia and the basic indicators of microorganisms is more obvious than that of Cryptosporidium, which is greatly affected by turbidity. This study found that Giardia and enterococci in both water and treated water are related to continue in-depth study of enterococci can be used as an alternative indicator of Giardia.