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旨在为柔性扑翼飞行器的翼面选型与设计提供一定依据,研究其气动优化。建立了扑翼的非定常涡格法(UVLM)尾涡模型;采用面向对象的编程技术对该模型进行求解并引入GPU流式编程技术实现了UVLM并行计算,使其执行效率提高了3倍;以升力和推力的最大化为目标,并采用模式搜索法对扑翼的扑动与俯仰运动相位差、扑动频率与柔性扭转角以及翼面结构进行了优化。结果显示,要获得尽可能大的气动推力,翼面应设计成倒梯形且其外翼段应具较大面积,要使升力最大化则需将翼面设计成正梯形布局并应使内翼段面积较大;为进一步提高FMAV推力,应在增大扑动频率的同时适当减小翼面的柔性扭转角。研究表明,内嵌UVLM的模式搜索法可望成为FMAV气动优化的一个重要工具。
The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for airfoil selection and design of flexible flapping-wing aircraft and to study its aerodynamic optimization. The unsteady eddy-warping (UVLM) wake vortex model of flapping-wing was established. The object-oriented programming technique was used to solve this model and GPU-based programming was introduced to realize the parallel computation of UVLM, which improved its execution efficiency by 3 times. Targeting at the maximization of lift and thrust, the phase difference of flutter and pitch motion, flutter frequency and torsion angle, and airfoil structure of flapping wing were optimized by using the pattern search method. The results show that to obtain the maximum aerodynamic thrust, the airfoil should be designed as an inverted trapezoid and its outer wing section should have a large area. To maximize the lift force, the airfoil must be designed in a regular trapezoid layout and the inner wing section In order to further improve the thrust of FMAV, it is necessary to increase the flutter frequency and reduce the flexible torsion angle of the airfoil properly. Research shows that the pattern search method with embedded UVLM is expected to become an important tool for aerodynamic optimization of FMAV.