从总体上说,国家科技体制必须符合科学技术自身的发展规律和国民经济建设的需要;科研活动的组织结构和管理方式必须与国家科技体制和研究任务的特点相适应。随着我国科技体制改革的深入,宏观的科研组织管理体制正发生相应的变化。基层研究所应采取何种科研组织结构和管理方式,更好地保证科研活动的优质高效,仍为一值得深入探讨的问题。一、科研组织结构的转变传统的科研组织结构是按学科性质设计的。如在建所初期,我所的科研组织结构是根据土壤科学的不同分支设置的。这种结构形式多适应于基础性的研究工作。研究任务和经费都由中国科学院下达。改革开放以来,国家对宏 Generally speaking, the national science and technology system must comply with the laws governing the development of science and technology and the needs of national economic construction. The organizational structure and management style of scientific research must be compatible with the characteristics of the national science and technology system and research tasks. With the deepening of China's science and technology system reform, the macroscopic scientific research organization and management system is undergoing corresponding changes. The research institutes should take what kind of scientific research organization structure and management methods, to better ensure the quality and efficiency of scientific research activities, is still a question worth exploring in depth. First, the transformation of scientific research organization structure Traditional scientific research organization structure is based on the nature of the design. As early as the founding of the Institute, our scientific research organization structure is based on different branches of soil science set. This structure is more adapted to the basic research work. Research tasks and funding are issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since the reform and opening up, the state has taken macro efforts